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Preclinical Models to Support Newly Approved Therapy for ALS: The SOD1 Rat

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the primary motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, which results in progressive muscular atrophy, weakness, and fatality1. Onset of this disease typically occurs in adulthood, and early symptoms are difficult... Read more
Humanized Mice as a Model for Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Cancer immunotherapies enhance the body's own immune system to control and eliminate tumors. Most clinical-stage immunotherapies target T cells of the adaptive immune system, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Myeloid cells have risen to prominence as worthwhile targets for immunomodulation. Within the immune landscape of... Read more
Dietary Considerations in Animal Research

There are many factors that require consideration when designing any preclinical study, such as rodent model selection, housing conditions, treatment dosing schemes, and diet1. Exact specifications decided upon may, in some cases, be driven by availability or standard practices in the selected vivarium. In the... Read more
World Alzheimer's Month: Recognizing the Contribution of Preclinical Models

Since the launch of World Alzheimer's Month in 2012 by Alzheimer's Disease International, the prevalence of this disease has continued to climb. Today, approximately six million US patients are living with the disease. By 2050, an estimated 13 million people in the US will be... Read more
Regulatory T Cells in Humanized Immune System Mice

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical component of the immune system for regulating inflammatory responses. In the context of immune-mediated diseases, such as cancer or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), Tregs can either drive or suppress disease pathogenesis. This two-sided role for Tregs and their impact... Read more
The Classic Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model is Still Enabling Breakthroughs in Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases

Obesity causes metabolic dysfunctions that lead to debilitating chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. Diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents are popular models for studying obesity and pre-diabetes. In 1953, Fenton and Dowling manipulated nutrient composition across a range of refined rodent... Read more
Which Cre Strain Should You Use?

Unique in its complexity, the central nervous system (CNS) has long represented a challenge for biomedical research, in part because the definition and characterization of constituent cell types remains incomplete. Indeed, one of the major goals behind the 2013 National Institutes of Health (NIH) launch... Read more
HLA Mice as a Model to Study T Cell Responses Restricted by Human MHC

Introduction to HLA and MHC An HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) or human MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is a group of surface protein complexes that presents antigens to downstream immune cells to activate the adaptive immune system against foreign pathogens or injured cells. These molecules are... Read more